REVIEW Ceftiofur hydrochloride is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin type (third generation), licensed for use in veterinary medicine. It was first described in 1987, marketed by Pfizer as Excenel and is the active ingredient in that company's Specramast LC (lactating cow formula) product. It is resistant to the antibiotic resistance enzyme beta-lactamase, and has activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. E. coli strains resistant to ceftiofur have been reported. The bactericidal activity of ceftiofur results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The PBPs are transpeptidases which are vital in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Therefore, their inhibition prevents this vital cell wall component from being properly synthesized.
REFERENCES
[1]
Amin, Mahendra Ishverbhai; Campbell, Jay Allan Crystalline cephalosporin antibiotics Eur. Pat. Appl. (1986), EP 180372 A2 19860507.
[2]
Cazers, Alexander R.; Koshy, K. Thomas; Jaglan, Prem S.; Yancey, Robert J., Jr.; Gilbertson, Terry; Arnold, Thomas S.; Johnson, David B.; Gatchell, Catherine L. Cephalosporin antibiotics PCT Int. Appl. (1989), WO 8904313 A1 19890518.
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Beconi-Barker, M. G.; Hornish, R. E.; Vidmar, T. J.; Dame, K. J.; Brown, S. A. Ceftiofur hydrochloride: plasma and tissue distribution in swine following intramuscular administration at various doses Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1996).
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Brown, S. A.; Hanson, B. J.; Mignot, A.; Millerioux, L.; Hamlow, P. J.; Hubbard, V. L.; Callahan, J. K.; Kausche, F. M. Comparison of plasma pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ceftiofur sodium and ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs after a single intramuscular injection Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1999), 22(1), 35-40.
[5]
Chenault, John R.; McAllister, Joseph F.; Chester, S. Theodore, Jr.; Dame, Kenneth J.; Kausche, Fabian M.; Robb, Edward J. Efficacy of ceftiofur hydrochloride sterile suspension administered parenterally for the treatment of acute postpartum metritis in dairy cows Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (2004), 224(10), 1634-1639.
[6]
Donaldson SC, Straley BA, Hegde NV, Sawant AA, DebRoy C, Jayarao BM. Molecular epidemiology of ceftiofur-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from dairy calves. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jun;72(6):3940-8.
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